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This category includes machines that convert the internal energy of already compressed process gas into mechanical energy. The process is accompanied by expansion and cooling of the gas flow. The unit is widely used in industry in various plants for gas liquefaction and low-temperature gas processing. Another area of application is the generation of power for compressor equipment or fans.
Despite the high energy efficiency of turboexpanders, they require a constant, continuous supply of gas. For this reason, such equipment is used most actively in the ferrous metallurgy industry, where production processes are accompanied by powerful gas flows.
In terms of design, a turboexpander unit is a turbine bladed machine consisting of a casing, a guide vane assembly and a nozzle section. The device operates independently of electric power. Depending on the number of stages, single-stage and multi-stage designs are distinguished.
The operation of the unit is entirely based on gas expansion. Under high pressure, the gas is fed to the turbine blades, generating torque and partially transferring its kinetic energy to the blades. Through the turbine disc, the torque is transmitted to the shaft. At the same time, the gas passes from a high-pressure region to a low-pressure region, expanding, cooling and accelerating. The mechanical rotational energy can be used to compress gas in a booster compressor or to drive generator components. Accordingly, the unit can provide not only refrigeration, but also relatively low-cost electric power, which is taken into account in production. The exhaust gas is discharged through a special diffuser.
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